Application of Nano Diamond
Application of Nano Diamond
Nano-diamond is a kind of artificial diamond material with extremely small particle size, spherical or nearly spherical shape, with a particle size of 0.5-10nm, with an average of 4-5nm, and most of the particle size distribution is 2-8nm.
Nano-scale diamond not only has the excellent characteristics inherent in diamond, but also has the peculiar properties of nano-materials. Nano-diamond has been developed more than 30 years ago, but its application was limited to the field of polycrystalline, polishing agent and other abrasives. With the deepening of people’s understanding of the properties of nano-diamond, nano-diamond has been used in lubricants. , Metal coating, magnetic recording systems, medicine and other fields began to gain applications, and the application areas are still expanding.
The application of nano-diamond in lubricating oil, grease and coolant is mainly used in machinery industry, metal processing, engine manufacturing, shipbuilding, aviation, transportation, etc. At present, the effective use of mechanical energy in the world is only about 30% on average. According to the calculations of Professor Logfre in Germany, 1/3 to 1/2 of the world’s energy production is lost in friction and wear. 30%-40% of the energy consumed is consumed in friction loss. From the point of view of equipment lubrication, dry friction is harmful, mainly in the loss of energy and wear of parts. Adding nano-diamond to the lubricating oil can increase the working life of the engine and transmission, save fuel oil, reduce friction torque by 20-40%, and reduce friction surface wear by 30-40%. 1000 kg of engine oil consumes 0.1~0.2 kg of nano-diamond, but the application of nano-diamond in lubricating oil must solve the problem of stable suspension. At present, companies have solved this problem.
The application of nanodiamonds in the medical field, its unique physical and chemical properties, as well as the diversity of surface groups, low toxicity, biocompatibility, and fluorescence with low photobleaching, make researchers pay attention to its use in biomedicine. The value of field research and application has made breakthrough progress in the past ten years. The surface of nanodiamonds can be designed to introduce a variety of functional groups. With the improvement of the modification and treatment methods of these groups, its application value can be better embodied. Now, nanodiamonds have been used in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, gene therapy, biotags, bioimaging, cancer diagnosis and treatment. They have no carcinogenic or mutagenic properties and are not toxic. But it shows very high activity to pathogenic viruses, microorganisms and bacteria. Due to high adsorption capacity and other uniqueness, they will be strongly absorbed, and they are super active adsorbents. Biologically reducing the mobility of active substances is a means to sharply strengthen the action of medicinal agents. The application of nanodiamonds induces the normalization of blood pressure. In addition, when the gastrointestinal system is diseased, nano-diamond is also effective, and it is the best way to prevent burns, different from skin diseases, and visceral poisoning.
Nano-diamond is an isotope of carbon element. It is pure carbon. It has the advantages of stable chemical properties and no reaction in strong acid and alkali environment. It is non-toxic and has no side effects and is widely used in medical research. On the one hand, nano-diamonds are used as biological carriers in medical research to allow antibody drugs to enter the human body directly with nano-diamonds, which can effectively improve the treatment effect of diseases; on the other hand, the surface structure of nano-diamonds has a strong binding force with DNA and can be Used in surface wear-resistant coatings such as artificial bones and artificial joints, traditional medical implants mostly use cobalt, chromium, and nickel. However, some patients are allergic to these metals or have rejection reactions. Diamond coating has good biocompatibility and will not cause rejection of the human body; and diamond has antibacterial properties, which can inhibit the growth of bacteria. In addition, compared with traditional metal polymer implants, the artificial joints with nano-diamond coatings are slightly worn, and basically do not produce debris, which effectively prolongs the service life of artificial bones and joints and saves medical costs.
It is these comprehensive technical characteristics that make it be applied in traditional and new technical fields, and have achieved initial results. Nano-diamond particles have spherical and quasi-spherical characteristics, which make the friction surface form a ball bearing effect, which shows good performance. Lubricity, so as to avoid the occurrence of friction phenomenon, and for some workpieces that fail mainly due to contact fatigue or high temperature wear, the composite coating of nano-diamond metal has obvious advantages.
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